With the increasing application of the lithium-ion battery, higher requirements are put forward for battery thermal management systems. Compared with other cooling methods, liquid cooling is an efficient cooling method, which can control the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the battery within an acceptable range.
The temperature cloud diagram of Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) is depicted in Fig 7 after the battery pack has been discharged at 2C, with a coolant mass flow rate of 11.29 g/s. According to the analysis of Fig 7 (A), the maximum temperature (Tmax) of the battery pack without an LCP is 49.30°C, with a maximum temperature difference (ΔT) of 1.20°C.
Effective thermal management of batteries is crucial for maintaining the performance, lifespan, and safety of lithium-ion batteries . The optimal operating temperature range for LIB typically lies between 15 °C and 40 °C ; temperatures outside this range can adversely affect battery performance.
For three types of liquid cooling systems with different structures, the battery’s heat is absorbed by the coolant, leading to a continuous increase in the coolant temperature. Consequently, it is observed that the overall temperature of the battery pack increases in the direction of the coolant flow.
Proposed a liquid cooling strategy that adjusts the coolant flow rate and inlet temperature by monitoring the PCM and ambient temperatures, which improves the thermal performance of battery packs under varying environmental conditions. Yuqian Fan et al. .
The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries significantly deteriorates in extreme cold. Thus, to ensure battery safety under various conditions, various heating and insulation strategies are implemented. The present study proposes a hybrid heating approach combining active heating with passive insulation.
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