The circuit vector (phasor) diagram for a series LC circuit is shown in Figure 2 and is constructed as follows: The vector diagram is drawn starting with a horizontal line representing the current vector I, which is the common quantity.
In case of series RLC circuit; resistor, capacitor and inductor are connected in series; so, the current flowing in all the elements are same i.e I r = I l = I c = I. For drawing the phasor diagram, take current phasor as reference and draw it on horizontal axis as shown in diagram. Step – II.
Circuit Analysis: Using phasor diagrams and Kirchhoff’s Laws in analysis helps predict how RLC circuits will respond under various conditions, aiding in design and troubleshooting. An RLC circuit consists of three key components: resistor, inductor, and capacitor, all connected to a voltage supply.
The phasor diagram for the series RC circuit is drawn by starting with the current phasor again because the current is the common quantity in a series circuit. A horizontal line is drawn to scale representing current (I) [ Figure 1 (c)].
Figure 2 Series RC circuit vector (phasor) diagram. The resistance (R) and capacitive reactance (XC) are 90 degrees out of phase with each other, and this forms the impedance triangle shown in Figure 3. Once again, the impedance triangle is geometrically similar to the circuit vector diagram and will have the same phase angle theta (θ).
The capacitor voltage lags I by 90°, so the V C phasor is drawn vertically at an angle of -90° for I. The resultant of the phasor addition of V C and V R represents the applied voltage (E). Once again, it is seen that E lags I by an angle ɸ, which is less than the 90°angle that would exist between E and I in a pure capacitive circuit.
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