The complexity (and cost) of the charging system is primarily dependent on the type of battery and the recharge time. This chapter will present charging methods, end-of-charge-detection techniques, and charger circuits for use with Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd), Nickel Metal-Hydride (Ni-MH), and Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries.
Battery ingredients (cathode, anode, separator, electrolyte) are placed in the former and electrolytes are injected and gas is stored in the latter. The ingredients are piled up in the electrode pocket using “lamination and stacking” method and electrolyte is injected into the air pocket to reach even pores in the electrode pocket.
The constant voltage portion of the charge cycle begins when the battery voltage sensed by the charger reaches 4.20V. At this point, the charger reduces the charging current as required to hold the sensed voltage constant at 4.2V, resulting in a current waveform that is shaped like an exponential decay.
In the realm of battery charging, charging methods are usually separated into two gen-eral categories: Fast charge is typically a system that can recharge a battery in about one or two hours, while slow charge usually refers to an overnight recharge (or longer).
When a Li-ion battery is charging, positive lithium ions flow internally from the cathode to the anode; at the same time, electrons flow externally from the cathode to the anode. When the battery is discharging, the lithium ions and electrons flow in the opposite direction.
About 65% of the total charge is delivered to the battery during the current limit phase of charging. Assuming a 1c charging current, it follows that this portion of the charge cycle will take a maximum time of about 40 minutes. The constant voltage portion of the charge cycle begins when the battery voltage sensed by the charger reaches 4.20V.
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The charge capacity of Ni@HsGDY/MoS2/Ni3S2 cell is up to 1,234.7 mAh·g−1 at the first circle, and the specific capacity keeps 486 mAh·g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 2 C.
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