Herein, the working principles of smart responses, smart self-charging, smart electrochromic as well as smart integration of the battery are summarized. Thus, this review enables to inspire researchers to design the novel functional battery devices for extending their application prospects.
The specification originated with the Duracell and Intel companies in 1994, but was later adopted by several battery and semiconductor makers. The Smart Battery System defines the SMBus connection, the data that can be sent over the connection (Smart Battery Data or SBD), the Smart Battery Charger, and a computer BIOS interface for control.
It allows operating systems to perform power management operations via a smart battery charger based on remaining estimated run times by determining accurate state of charge readings. Through this communication, the system also controls the battery charge rate. Communication is carried over an SMBus two-wire communication bus.
In the eyes of the Smart Battery System (SBS) forum, these batteries cannot be called smart. The SBS forum states that a smart battery must provide state-of-charge indications. Safety is a key design objective and the concept behind SBS is to place system intelligence inside the battery pack.
On the basis of considering the chemical reversibility and stability, the functional design of electrode material also plays an important role in achieving the smart battery system. And this issue would determine the application of smart energy storage devices in wearable electronic devices or other intelligent fields in future.
Internally, a smart battery can measure voltage and current, and deduce charge level and SoH (State of Health) parameters, indicating the state of the cells. Externally, a smart battery can communicate with a smart battery charger and a "smart energy user" via the bus interface.
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