Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative Despite the rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) toward commercialization, the toxic lead (Pb) ions in PSCs pose a potential threat to the environment, health and safety. Managing Pb via recycling represents a promising approach to mitigating its toxicity.
Nature Energy 5, 1003–1011 (2020) Cite this article One major concern for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic technology is the toxicity of lead from the water-soluble lead halide perovskites that can contaminate the environment.
Lead is thus still an essential component in perovskites to realize PSCs with both high efficiency and decent operational stability 9, 10. Encapsulation strategies have been developed to prevent the leakage of lead in operational cells and modules 11.
All these developments have demonstrated the great potential of perovskite photovoltaics as the next-generation low-cost solar technology. Nevertheless, one key outstanding issue for the adoption of perovskite photovoltaic technology in the real world is the toxicity of lead in the lead halide perovskite light absorbers 5, 6.
An analysis of chemical processes to immobilize lead from perovskite solar cells is presented, highlighting the need for a standard lead-leakage test and mathematical model to reliably evaluate the potential environmental risk of perovskite optoelectronics.
Nature 617, 687–695 (2023) Cite this article Lead halide perovskites are promising semiconducting materials for solar energy harvesting. However, the presence of heavy-metal lead ions is problematic when considering potential harmful leakage into the environment from broken cells and also from a public acceptance point of view.
Lead Isolation and Capture in Perovskite Photovoltaics toward Eco ...
Therefore, this work reports a "lead isolation-capture" dual detoxification strategy with calcium disodium edetate (EDTA Na-Ca), which can inhibit lead leakage from PSCs under extreme …
Lead Isolation and Capture in Perovskite Photovoltaics toward Eco ...
Lead‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit limited commercialization due to toxicity and stability issues. These problems may have a workable solution in Ti‐based …
Solar Energy
In this study, we report a novel approach to lead-free stable DJ 2D-3D perovskite solar cells with efficient HTL materials, achieving Quasi-Fermi Level Splitting near its radiative limit and a PCE of 17.32 %. This represents a substantial improvement over conventional designs, which lack a 2D/3D interface and exhibit a maximum PCE of 8.77 % ...
Recycling lead and transparent conductors from perovskite solar …
Although there have been extensive attempts to replace lead in MHPs, all current lead-free perovskite solar cells suffer from either much poorer stability, such as the tin-based perovskite solar ...
Minimizing perovskite solar cells'' lead leakage with a …
Perovskite solar cells'' (PSCs) potential lead leakage seriously threatens ecosystems and human health, significantly hindering their commercialization. In this paper, we develope a cost-effective (less than 2$/m 2) and long-term stable SSP film by mixing sulfonated SiO 2 with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS ...
Perovskite solar cells | Nature Reviews Methods Primers
This potentially limits single-junction solar cell efficiency but is advantageous for perovskite–perovskite tandem cells and radiation detection 153,154. Lead–tin double perovskites are ...
Increased resistance to photooxidation in Dion-Jacobson lead …
2D halide perovskites are commonly used to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells. While Dion-Jacobson (DJ) perovskites commonly exhibit improved stability compared to Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites, the degradation mechanism under illumination in 2D materials has not been well understood. Here, we show that spacer cation vacancy formation …
Sustainability in Perovskite Solar Cells | ACS Applied Materials ...
At a current value of 25.5%, perovskites have reached some of the highest power conversion efficiencies of all single-junction solar cell devices. Researchers, however, are questioning their readiness for the commercial market, citing reasons of the toxicity of the lead-based active layer and instability. Closer examination of the life cycle of perovskite solar cells …
Perovskite solar cells enable hydrocarbon synthesis from CO2
2 · Image credit: Nature CatalysisThe device they developed combines a light absorbing ''leaf'' made from a perovskite solar cell, with a copper nanoflower catalyst, to convert carbon dioxide into useful molecules. Unlike most metal catalysts, which can only convert CO₂ into single-carbon molecules, the copper flowers enable the formation of ...
Lead immobilization for environmentally sustainable perovskite …
Here we analyse chemical approaches to immobilize Pb2+ from perovskite solar cells, such as grain isolation, lead complexation, structure integration and adsorption of leaked …
Lead Isolation and Capture in Perovskite Photovoltaics toward Eco ...
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been developed rapidly in efficiency and stability in recent years, which can compete with silicon solar cells. However, an important …
Progress and limitation of lead-free inorganic perovskites for solar ...
The inorganic perovskite is becoming the most preferred replacement for lead-based solar cells because of their stability and low toxicity, A 3 Bi 2 X 9 perovskites (where A = Na +, K +, Rb +, Cs + and CH 3 NH 3 +; and X is a halogen atom) have been attractive to those looking to replace lead in perovskites (Bai et al., 2018).
Sustainable lead management in halide perovskite solar cells
Despite the rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) toward commercialization, the toxic lead (Pb) ions in PSCs pose a potential threat to the environment, health and safety. Managing Pb ...
Perovskite solar cells: Progress, challenges, and future avenues to ...
4 · Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a viable photovoltaic technology, with significant improvements in power conversion efficiency (PCE) over the past decade. ... There are still quite inefficient lead-free solar cells, but the research for the development towards an eco-friendly PSC technology is clearly evident.
Recent Advances in Lead Chemisorption for Perovskite Solar Cells …
Lead toxicity in perovskite materials, which have hazardous effects on the environment and the human body, has drawn considerable attention to emerging photovoltaic technology perovskite solar cells. Despite the capability of other strategies to prevent lead leakage, chemisorption is another efficient approach to block Pb leaching by employing Pb …
(PDF) Simulation and Analysis of Lead …
Finally, a comparative analysis has also been done between CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and CH 3 NH 3 PbI 2 Cl perovskite thin-film solar cell, where CH 3 NH 3 PbI 2 Cl …
Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell Modules with High Stability …
perovskite devices for the realization of long-term operational stability. The stability of high-efficiency perovskite solar cell modules (PSC modules) is much poorer than that of small-area PSCs,34 indicating a more complex degradation Context & Scale Perovskite solar cell has advanced rapidly with power conversion efficiency exceeding 24% ...
Toward stable lead halide perovskite solar …
Hybrid lead halide ABX 3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a strong competitor to the traditional solar cells with a certified power conversion efficiency beyond 25% and other …
Perovskite Solar Module: Promise and …
It is hoped that the findings in this review provide a bridge for the development of perovskite modules that will lead to commercialization in the near future. ... Since 2009, …
Perovskite solar cell
A perovskite solar cell. A perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a type of solar cell that includes a perovskite-structured compound, most commonly a hybrid organic–inorganic lead or tin halide-based material as the light-harvesting …
Exploration of highly stable and highly efficient new lead ...
Currently, the reported experimental efficiency of Pb-free perovskite cells in the field of HaP solar cells is generally below 15%, and the highest recorded efficiency is shown for FASnI3 solar cells with 15.7%. 50, 51 The SLME value of the perovskite component predicted by our method is 21.5%, which shows a discrepancy compared to the experimental value.