It's the plain English meaning of the word. A capacitor opposes changes in voltage. If you increase the voltage across a capacitor, it responds by drawing current as it charges. In doing so, it will tend to drag down the supply voltage, back towards what it was previously. That's assuming that your voltage source has a non-zero internal resistance.
In other words, capacitors tend to resist changes in voltage drop. When the voltage across a capacitor is increased or decreased, the capacitor “resists” the change by drawing current from or supplying current to the source of the voltage change, in opposition to the change." "Resists" may be an unfortunate choice of word.
The voltage that develops across a capacitor is the result of charge carriers (electrons typically) building up along the capacitors dielectric. The build up of charge carriers takes time, and therefore the change in voltage will also take time.
The measure of a capacitor's ability to store energy for a given amount of voltage drop is called capacitance. Not surprisingly, capacitance is also a measure of the intensity of opposition to changes in voltage (exactly how much current it will produce for a given rate of change in voltage).
Thus, voltage-drop is higher. A small capacitor charges quickly, infinitesimally small capacitor charges in no time reaches whatever voltage it needs to immediately. A large capacitor charges slowly, an infinitely large capacitor takes forever to charge and no matter how much you charge it, it will not develop any voltage between terminals.
Capacitor impedance reduces with rising rate of change in voltage or slew rate dV/dt or rising frequency by increasing current. This means it resists the rate of change in voltage by absorbing charges with current being the rate of change of charge flow.
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capacitor
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How does a capacitor resist changes in voltage?
When the voltage across a capacitor is increased or decreased, the capacitor "resists" the change by drawing current from or supplying current to the source of the voltage change, in opposition to the change."
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electric fields
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