The inside of a solar cell contains a semiconductor material. Silicon is the semiconductor we use in home solar panels. A semiconductor is a material that is sometimes a good conductor of electricity and sometimes not. This changing conductivity is what we use to generate electricity.
Today, let’s break down what exactly composes a solar panel so that we can learn a little more about this wonder of the modern world. The solar cells are what actually transform light into electricity. A typical residential solar panel includes 60 solar cells.
Well to answer those questions we have to look at what solar panels are made out of. The main components of a solar panel are silicon, metal, and glass. Silicon is used to make the most important part of the solar panel, the solar cells. Solar cells are the parts of the panels that make energy from the sun.
Glass is an excellent material for antireflective coatings, so solar panels are coated in strengthed laminated glass. The inside of a solar cell contains a semiconductor material. Silicon is the semiconductor we use in home solar panels. A semiconductor is a material that is sometimes a good conductor of electricity and sometimes not.
The image above represents a cross section of a solar cell. You can see the aluminum at the bottom of the panel that allows ‘used’ electrons to flow back into the panel (thus completing the circuit) as well as the anti-reflective coating on top to allow the solar panel to absorb as much sunlight as possible.
The PV cell has a front contact with a cable attached and the back contact also connected by cable. In the diagram, you can see how the contrast in electrical charge between these two contacts creates a flow of electricity to power a light bulb. The diagram above gives us a more detailed look at what happens inside a solar cell.
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