The solar photovoltaic works on the principle of photovoltaic effect. It is the physical and chemical property or phenomenon in which electromotive force is generated in the non-homogeneous materials with the illumination of light of a specific wave length. This effect produces voltage and electric current in a material upon exposure to light.
The photovoltaic (PV) effect is more than just an interaction between sunlight and silicon. It’s a complex interplay of physical and chemical processes that allow for the efficient conversion of light energy into electrical energy.
On the one hand, the photons with much higher energy than the Eg of photovoltaic cells are used in the photochemical process, decreasing the irreversible losses of high-energy photons. On the other hand, the photons with lower energy than the Eg are recycled to provide heat for the thermochemical process.
The PV technology convert visible spectrum to electricity and thermal collectors use both infrared and visible spectrum for energy generation. So the energy generation from solar radiation can be in the form of electrical energy or thermal Energy. The various conversion paths of solar energy is described in the Fig.2
Photovoltaic (PV) effect is known as a physical process in which that a PV cell converts the sunlight into electricity. When a PV cell is subject to the sunlight, the absorbed amount of light generates electric energy while remaining sunlight can be reflected or passed through.
In this way, the photons with higher energy can drive the chemical reactions, while the rest of energy can be collected in the form of heat, enabling the cascade utilization of full-spectrum solar radiation.
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