Battery storage demand doubled in both 2022 and 2023, albeit from a lower base than demand for EV batteries. Overall battery demand in the European Union and the United States grew faster than the global average in 2023, reaching 45% year-on-year, closely followed by China at 40%.
In 2022, about 60% of lithium, 30% of cobalt and 10% of nickel demand was for EV batteries. Just five years earlier, in 2017, these shares were around 15%, 10% and 2%, respectively.
Total demand for battery metals is forecast to jump by 50% this year to 4.8 million metric tons, and race to over 17.5 million tons by the end of the decade. Demand for lithium is set to grow the fastest, surging more than sevenfold between 2021 and 2030. The key question is whether there is sufficient supply to meet booming demand.
Stationary storage will also increase battery demand, accounting for about 400 GWh in STEPS and 500 GWh in APS in 2030, which is about 12% of EV battery demand in the same year in both the STEPS and the APS. IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0 Battery production has been ramping up quickly in the past few years to keep pace with increasing demand.
The total volume of batteries used in the energy sector was over 2 400 gigawatt-hours (GWh) in 2023, a fourfold increase from 2020. In the past five years, over 2 000 GWh of lithium-ion battery capacity has been added worldwide, powering 40 million electric vehicles and thousands of battery storage projects.
Global sales of BEV and PHEV cars are outpacing sales of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and as BEV and PHEV battery sizes are larger, battery demand further increases as a result. IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0 IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0 The increase in battery demand drives the demand for critical materials.
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