The charge controller size depends on the solar system's voltage. For a 12V system, a charge controller with at least 33 amps is recommended to handle the current from a 400w panel efficiently. What Size Inverter Do You Need for 400W Solar Panel?
A 40A PWM charge controller can be used with 400W solar panels when the voltage is 12 volts. It is not recommended for solar systems generating more than 400 watts of power and operating at 24 volts, which should be controlled by an MPPT charge controller.
To determine the size of the charge controller required, divide the number of watts by the number of volts and multiply the result by 20%. A 400-watt solar panel requires a charge controller that can handle 39.9 amps (40A).
Generally, 400W solar panels are rated at 24 Volts (nominal); if both the solar panel and the battery are rated at 24V, the charge controller should be rated at 20 Amps if it’s an MPPT or 15 Amps if it’s a PWM.
But with an MPPT charge controller, it will lower the voltage to 14V but will increase the amps to 28Amps (400/14 = 28A) PWM charge controller can be used for small capacity solar panels but for above 100W solar panels an MPPT charge controller is recommended.
The MPPT calculator tells us that our solar charge controller needs to have a maximum voltage input of more than 53V, and needs to be able to put out 22.5 amps. The calculator also gave us links to 2 choices for MPPT charge controllers that meet these criteria.
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